中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
国务院联防联控机制：做细做实农村地区疫情防控工作******
【抗疫中，我们众志成城㊼】
光明日报北京1月11日电（记者陈晨）为确保农村地区疫情防控平稳转段，保障广大农民群众生命健康安全，近日，国务院应对新型冠状病毒感染疫情联防联控机制农村地区疫情防控工作专班印发《农村地区新型冠状病毒感染防控工作指南（乡村基层组织版）》（以下简称《指南》）。
《指南》强调，要组建防控服务队伍。在乡镇党委政府领导下，由村党组织书记负总责，村“两委”负责统筹组织建立村级防控队伍。发挥村民委员会等机制作用，通过网格化、信息化等手段，实行分组、分片（网格）联系。登记管理村民基本健康信息，重点做好有基础疾病的老年人、残疾人、孕产妇、孤寡老人和孤儿、事实无人抚养儿童、留守儿童等重点人群（以下简称“重点人群”）健康服务工作。承担摸底基本情况、组织走访巡查、协助送医送药、辅助转诊转运、落细关爱照料、做好宣传引导等防控任务。
《指南》明确，要落实村民、返乡人员、重点人群、感染人群的个人防护责任。引导村民主动配合接种疫苗，按要求组织有重症高风险人群尽早完成疫苗接种，科学佩戴口罩。引导返乡人员返乡初期和疫情严重时期尽量少聚集、少聚餐，不扎堆，减少与老年人尤其是患有基础疾病人群接触。村“两委”要掌握并上报本村重点人群健康信息。感染人群出现发热等症状时，及时进行抗原或核酸检测。无症状感染者和轻型病例患者落实居家自我照护，出现持续高热、呼吸困难等症状时及时去医院就诊。
《指南》要求，要做好重点场所、环节防控管理。疫情严重时，适当控制集市庙会、文艺演出、展销促销等聚集性活动的规模、频次和时长，倡导婚事、丧事从简。娱乐休闲、宗教活动等场所暂停营业或开放；农贸市场、银行网点等营业场所缩短营业时间；饭馆、农家乐等限制同餐人数或取消堂食。
《指南》明确，要做好协助重点人群转运、联系抗疫物资配备等工作。组织动员有私家车的村民成立转运保障志愿车队。村卫生室要配足必要的防疫物资用品，药品等可用量应保持在2周以上。物资紧缺时，优先发放给重点人群和困难人员。
《指南》指出，要落实农业生产活动防疫措施。统筹疫情防控和大田农业生产、畜禽养殖及疫病防治、农资产品流通。村“两委”根据农户需求组织开展代耕代种代养，协助组织做好投入品供应，将农业生产资料、粮食和重要农产品纳入疫情防控重点物资运输保障范围，确保农资顺利下乡，农产品顺利外运。
《光明日报》（ 2023年01月12日 04版）
